How Effective Teachers Assist
Students in “Cracking the Code”
1. Teachers teach students to “crack the code” through phonemic awareness, phonics, and
spelling instruction.
2. Teachers understand that phonemic awareness is the foundation for phonics instruction.
3. Teachers teach high-utility phonics concepts, rules, phonograms, and spelling patterns.
4. Teachers recognize that students’ spelling errors are a measure of their understanding of
phonics.
spelling instruction.
2. Teachers understand that phonemic awareness is the foundation for phonics instruction.
3. Teachers teach high-utility phonics concepts, rules, phonograms, and spelling patterns.
4. Teachers recognize that students’ spelling errors are a measure of their understanding of
phonics.
How to "Crack the Code"
Phonemic AwarenessA basic understanding that speech is composed of a series of individual sounds and the ability to manipulate the sounds in words orally.
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PhonicsThe set of relationships between phonology (the sounds in speech) and orthography (the spelling patterns of written language).
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Spelling InstructionA complete program includes teaching spelling strategies, matching instruction to students' stage of development, providing daily reading and writing opportunities, and teaching students to learn to spell high-frequency words.
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